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[QUOTE="OJdeseille, post: 12410040, member: 362008"] PAGE 7 certainly not for those which end with the Prophet or the Companions. Azami breaks down Schacht’s contention into six main points and addresses each in turn.43 As mentioned above that writing of hadith was quite common among companions in the Prophet’s own time and the books on separate subjects of practical interest had already begun to appear before the Umayyad period, such as Zaid b. Thabit’s (d.45) booklet on the subject of Fara’id (share of inheritance) Recognition of out standing religious scholars began early and continued to increase. “Masruq b. al-Ajda ‘(d.63/682), traditionist judge and poet, travelled far in search of knowledge. He credited Abu Bake, ‘Umar b. al-Khattab, ‘ Ali b. Abi Talib, Mu’adh b. Jabal, Abu ‘l- Darda’, Zayd b. Thabit and Abdullah b. Abbas (d.68/6880 with having acquird among them all the religious knowledge possessed by the Companions”.44 The Companions had begun to make notes for their own guidance in sheet and other materials. Know as fallows: Sahifa. This is a collection of the sayings of the Prophet, which were written down, by one of his Companions during his lifetime “such collection which was assembled by Abu Hurayra and taught and handed down by him to his students”45 or by their successors of the next generation. Goldziher, according to whom some are also described as Rasa’il and Kutub, mentions several of these Sahifas.46 The most important of them however, is the Sahifa which was collected by’ Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As (d.65/684), who gave it the title of al-Sahifa al-Sadiqa.47 b) Juz.This is a collection of hadith handed down on the authority of one single individual, be he or she a Companion, or a member of any succeeding generation. The term juz’ is also applied to collections of hadiths that were compiled on a specific subject, such as Intention, the Vision of God, and so forth.48 c) Risala. This is a collection of hadith which deals with one particular topic selected from the eight topics into which the contents of the Jami books of hadith may generally be classified. d) Musannaf. This is a more comprehensive collection of hadiths in which the traditions relating to most or all of the above eight topics are assembled and arranged in various ‘books’ or chapters’ ‘ each dealing with a particular topic. To this class belong the Muwatta’ of Imam Malik, the Sahih of Muslim, and similar works. e) Musnad. This term, which literally means ‘supported, was originally used for such traditions as were supported by a complete uninterrupted chain of authorities going back to the Prophet via a Companion. f) Mu’jam. This is generally applied to works on various subjects arranged in alphabetical order. The best knowns are the Mu’jams of Abul’l-Qasim Sulayman ibn Ahmed ibn Ayyub al –Tabarani, who is generally known by his nisab. g) Jami. This is a hadith collection, which contains traditions relating to all the eight topics listed above under the rubric of Risala. Thus, the Sahih of al-Bukhari, as well as the principal book of al-Tirmidhi, is known as a Jami. The Sahih of Muslim, by contrast, is not so styled, because although it is comprehensive in most areas, it does not contain traditions relating to all the chapters of the qur’an. h) Sunan. Hadith Written officially during the time of the Holy Prophet. It is well know that beginning of the tradition was purely oral, and that only gradual did it come to be written down. In the beginning, before men thought of tradition a s foundation of the system, stories about Prophet would almost inevitably be oral partly because many narrators would be illiterate, and partly because such stories would merely be retailed for interest. Hajji Khalifa says that the Companions and flower did not collect Traditions in written from because of their sincere faith, there nearness to the time of the Prophet, the small amount of disagreement in their time, the battles in which they engaged, and their having opportunities of referring to authorities.49 The 43 . Azami, Studies inearly Hadith Literature, p1-237 44 .See . N.Abbott. for futherdetalies .Hadith Literature.11 45 Hammam ibn Munabbih, edithed by Dr hamidullah , see Bibliography 46 Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 11,22-4 47 Ibn Sa’d, iv/I 262; Sezgin,1 84; Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 11,23 48. Dihlawi, Risala dar-Fann-i-Usul-i-Hadith Delhi,11255),22 49 Lexicon bibiographicum et encyclopedicum I, pp.79f. [/QUOTE]
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