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Analyse: l'arabie séoudite victime dans la mort de khashoggi !
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[QUOTE="alicemoitronkil, post: 15985178, member: 287923"] Le New York Times aussi... [B]Jamal Khashoggi and the Competing Visions of Islam [/B] The growing tensions between Turkey and Saudi Arabia after the murder of the Saudi journalist in Istanbul remind us of an older conflict between monarchical and republican Islam. By Faisal Devji Mr. Devji teaches history at the University of Oxford. Jamal Khashoggi’s [URL='https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/world/middleeast/khashoggi-turkey-saudi-narratives.html?module=inline']murder by Saudi agents[/URL] in Istanbul doesn’t just cast a harsh light on the authoritarian and reckless behavior of Prince Mohamad bin Salman of Saudi Arabia; it also highlights the rivalry between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, which represent competing forms of Islam. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy that allows Islam to define all social relations as long as it makes no political claims. Turkey, led by President Recep Tayyip [URL='https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/opinion/international-world/erdogan-turkey-nationalism.html?module=inline']Erdogan and his Justice and Development Party[/URL], is a republic whose government was brought to power by the votes of many conservative Muslims. Despite being an influential Saudi voice, Mr. Khashoggi had over the years embraced these [URL='https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-arabia.html?module=inline']competing visions of governance and the place of Islam[/URL] in politics. He had been a loyal adviser to Saudi rulers, but he also, like Mr. Erdogan and his party, is widely believed to have subscribed to the Islamist ideal of power democratically achieved — an ideal represented by the Muslim Brotherhood. Islamism is seen as an existential threat by the region’s monarchies, which apart from Qatar and to a lesser degree Oman and Kuwait were [URL='https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2018/9/12/rentier-islamism-politics-and-religion-in-arab-gulf-societies']frightened by the Muslim Brotherhood[/URL]’s coming to power in Egypt after the Arab Spring protests. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates bankrolled and backed the Egyptian military’s [URL='https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/16/rabaa-massacre-egypt-human-rights-watch']crackdown and coup[/URL] against the Brotherhood government; Turkey and Mr. Erdogan backed the Brotherhood and [URL='https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exiles-istanbul-are-worried-after-khashoggi-have-nowhere-go-1302454390']provided refuge[/URL] to the group’s leaders and members after the crackdown. [URL='https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/08/28/the-u-s-is-wrong-about-the-muslim-brotherhood-and-the-arab-world-is-suffering-for-it/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.f8de9987ff9c']abolition of democracy[/URL] and a guarantee that Arabs will continue living under authoritarian and corrupt regimes,” he wrote about the [URL='https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-vows-to-back-egypts-rulers.html?module=inline']Saudi-backed coup and crackdown[/URL]. The battle between monarchical and republican Islam goes back to the Cold War, when Arab monarchies backed by Western powers saw secular and sometimes socialist Muslim states as their main rivals. In those days both sides deployed the Islamists against one another. After the fall of Saddam Hussein’s Iraq and Muammar el-Qaddafi’s Libya, both through Western intervention, Syria is now the last significant representative of secular dictatorship — a political form that had once dominated the Middle East and parts of North Africa. Itself drawing upon Cold War ideas about ideological states, Islamism enjoyed its greatest victory with the Iranian revolution in 1979 and took control of Sudan a decade later. While Islamism has since come to power electorally in Turkey and Tunisia, it also appears to have lost its way, allowing social conservatives a place in the public life of these countries while mutating into something barely recognizable with the Taliban in Afghanistan. [/QUOTE]
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Analyse: l'arabie séoudite victime dans la mort de khashoggi !
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